788 lines
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788 lines
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<title>Associations · GORM Guide</title>
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data-chapter-title="Associations"
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Getting Started with GORM
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1" data-path="database.html">
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<b>1.</b>
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Database
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="database.html">
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<a href="database.html#connecting-to-a-database">
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<b>1.1.</b>
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Database Connection
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</a>
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<a href="database.html#migration">
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<b>1.2.</b>
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Migration
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2" data-path="models.html">
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<a href="models.html">
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<b>2.</b>
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Models
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="models.html">
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<a href="models.html#model-defination">
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<b>2.1.</b>
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Model Defination
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="models.html#conventions-overriding-conventions">
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<b>2.2.</b>
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Naming Conventions & Overriding
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="2.3" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html">
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<b>2.3.</b>
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Associations
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.1" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#belongs-to">
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<b>2.3.1.</b>
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Belongs To
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.2" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#has-one">
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<b>2.3.2.</b>
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Has One
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.3" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#has-many">
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<b>2.3.3.</b>
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Has Many
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.4" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#many-to-many">
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<b>2.3.4.</b>
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Many To Many
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.5" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#polymorphism">
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<b>2.3.5.</b>
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Polymorphism
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3.6" data-path="associations.html">
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<a href="associations.html#association-mode">
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<b>2.3.6.</b>
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Association Mode
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html">
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<b>3.</b>
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CRUD: Reading and Writing Data
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html#create">
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<b>3.1.</b>
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Create
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html#query">
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<b>3.2.</b>
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Query
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html#preloading">
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<b>3.3.</b>
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Preloading (Eager Loading)
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html#update">
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<b>3.4.</b>
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Update
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="curd.html">
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<a href="curd.html#delete">
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<b>3.5.</b>
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Delete / Soft Delete
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="4" data-path="callbacks.html">
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<a href="callbacks.html">
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<b>4.</b>
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Callbacks
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html">
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<b>5.</b>
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Advanced Usage
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html#error-handling">
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<b>5.1.</b>
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Error Handling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html#transactions">
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<b>5.2.</b>
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Transactions
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html#sql-builder">
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<b>5.3.</b>
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Raw SQL & SQL Builder
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html#compose-primary-key">
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<b>5.4.</b>
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Composite Primary Key
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="advanced.html">
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<a href="advanced.html#logger">
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<b>5.5.</b>
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Overriding Logger
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6" data-path="development.html">
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<a href="development.html">
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<b>6.</b>
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Development
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="development.html">
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<a href="development.html#callbacks">
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<b>6.1.</b>
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Write Plugins
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
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<a href="" >Associations</a>
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</h1>
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</div>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h1 id="associations">Associations</h1>
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<!-- toc -->
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#belongs-to">Belongs To</a></li>
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<li><a href="#has-one">Has One</a></li>
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<li><a href="#has-many">Has Many</a></li>
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<li><a href="#many-to-many">Many To Many</a></li>
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<li><a href="#polymorphism">Polymorphism</a></li>
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<li><a href="#association-mode">Association Mode</a></li>
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</ul>
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<!-- toc stop -->
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<h2 id="belongs-to">Belongs To</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// User belongs to a profile, ProfileID is the foreign key</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> User <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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Profile Profile
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ProfileID <span class="token builtin">int</span>
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> Profile <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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Name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Related<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>profile<span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//// SELECT * FROM profiles WHERE id = 111; // 111 is user's foreign key ProfileID</span>
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="has-one">Has One</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// User has one CreditCard, UserID is the foreign key</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> User <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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CreditCard CreditCard
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> CreditCard <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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UserID <span class="token builtin">uint</span>
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Number <span class="token builtin">string</span>
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">var</span> card CreditCard
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Related<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>card<span class="token operator">,</span> <span class="token string">"CreditCard"</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//// SELECT * FROM credit_cards WHERE user_id = 123; // 123 is user's primary key</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// CreditCard is user's field name, it means get user's CreditCard relations and fill it into variable card</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// If the field name is same as the variable's type name, like above example, it could be omitted, like:</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Related<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>card<span class="token operator">)</span>
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="has-many">Has Many</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// User has many emails, UserID is the foreign key</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> User <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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Emails <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token operator">]</span>Email
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> Email <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
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Email <span class="token builtin">string</span>
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UserID <span class="token builtin">uint</span>
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Related<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>emails<span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//// SELECT * FROM emails WHERE user_id = 111; // 111 is user's primary key</span>
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="many-to-many">Many To Many</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// User has and belongs to many languages, use `user_languages` as join table</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> User <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
|
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
|
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Languages <span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token operator">]</span>Language <span class="token string">`gorm:"many2many:user_languages;"`</span>
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> Language <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
|
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gorm<span class="token operator">.</span>Model
|
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Name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
|
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<span class="token operator">}</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Related<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>languages<span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//// SELECT * FROM "languages" INNER JOIN "user_languages" ON "user_languages"."language_id" = "languages"."id" WHERE "user_languages"."user_id" = 111</span>
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="polymorphism">Polymorphism</h2>
|
|
<p>Supports polymorphic has-many and has-one associations.</p>
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|
<pre><code class="lang-go"> <span class="token keyword">type</span> Cat <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
|
|
Id <span class="token builtin">int</span>
|
|
Name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
|
|
Toy Toy <span class="token string">`gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`</span>
|
|
<span class="token operator">}</span>
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|
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<span class="token keyword">type</span> Dog <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
|
|
Id <span class="token builtin">int</span>
|
|
Name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
|
|
Toy Toy <span class="token string">`gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`</span>
|
|
<span class="token operator">}</span>
|
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|
|
<span class="token keyword">type</span> Toy <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token operator">{</span>
|
|
Id <span class="token builtin">int</span>
|
|
Name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
|
|
OwnerId <span class="token builtin">int</span>
|
|
OwnerType <span class="token builtin">string</span>
|
|
<span class="token operator">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Note: polymorphic belongs-to and many-to-many are explicitly NOT supported, and will throw errors.</p>
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<h2 id="association-mode">Association Mode</h2>
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|
<p>Association Mode contains some helper methods to handle relationship things easily.</p>
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|
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Start Association Mode</span>
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<span class="token keyword">var</span> user User
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// `user` is the source, it need to be a valid record (contains primary key)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// `Languages` is source's field name for a relationship.</span>
|
|
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// If those conditions not matched, will return an error, check it with:</span>
|
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// db.Model(&user).Association("Languages").Error</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Query - Find out all related associations</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Find<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>languages<span class="token operator">)</span>
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Append - Append new associations for many2many, has_many, will replace current association for has_one, belongs_to</span>
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db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Append<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token operator">]</span>Language<span class="token operator">{</span>languageZH<span class="token operator">,</span> languageEN<span class="token operator">}</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Append<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span>Language<span class="token operator">{</span>Name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"DE"</span><span class="token operator">}</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
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|
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<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Delete - Remove relationship between source & passed arguments, won't delete those arguments</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Delete<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token operator">]</span>Language<span class="token operator">{</span>languageZH<span class="token operator">,</span> languageEN<span class="token operator">}</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Delete<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span>languageZH<span class="token operator">,</span> languageEN<span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Replace - Replace current associations with new one</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Replace<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">[</span><span class="token operator">]</span>Language<span class="token operator">{</span>languageZH<span class="token operator">,</span> languageEN<span class="token operator">}</span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Replace<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span>Language<span class="token operator">{</span>Name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"DE"</span><span class="token operator">}</span><span class="token operator">,</span> languageEN<span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Count - Return the count of current associations</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Count<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Clear - Remove relationship between source & current associations, won't delete those associations</span>
|
|
db<span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Model<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">&</span>user<span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Association<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"Languages"</span><span class="token operator">)</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token function">Clear<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token operator">)</span>
|
|
</code></pre>
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