Use grub_calloc() when allocating memory for arrays to ensure proper
overflow checks are in place.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Replace direct arithmetic operations with macros from include/grub/safemath.h
to prevent potential overflow issues when calculating the memory sizes.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The direct assignment of the unsigned long long value returned by
read_number() can potentially lead to an overflow on a 32-bit systems.
The fix replaces the direct assignments with calls to grub_cast()
which detects the overflows and safely assigns the values if no
overflow is detected.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Use grub_calloc() when allocating memory for arrays to ensure proper
overflow checks are in place.
The HFS+ and squash4 security vulnerabilities were reported by
Jonathan Bar Or <jonathanbaror@gmail.com>.
Fixes: CVE-2025-0678
Fixes: CVE-2025-1125
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Replace direct arithmetic operations with macros from include/grub/safemath.h
to prevent potential overflow issues when calculating the memory sizes.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
In the dev_iterate() function a handle is opened but isn't closed when
grub_malloc() returns NULL. We should fix this by closing it on error.
Signed-off-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
When using grub_malloc(), grub_zalloc() or grub_calloc(), these functions can
fail if we are out of memory. After allocating memory we should check if these
functions returned NULL and handle this error if they did.
On the occasion make a NULL check in ATA code more obvious.
Signed-off-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Use grub_calloc() when allocating memory for arrays to ensure proper
overflow checks are in place.
Signed-off-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Replace direct arithmetic operations with macros from include/grub/safemath.h
to prevent potential overflow issues when calculating the memory sizes.
Signed-off-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The idea is to permit the following: btrfs, cpio, exfat, ext, f2fs, fat,
hfsplus, iso9660, squash4, tar, xfs and zfs.
The JFS, ReiserFS, romfs, UDF and UFS security vulnerabilities were
reported by Jonathan Bar Or <jonathanbaror@gmail.com>.
Fixes: CVE-2025-0677
Fixes: CVE-2025-0684
Fixes: CVE-2025-0685
Fixes: CVE-2025-0686
Fixes: CVE-2025-0689
Suggested-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The BFS is not fuzz-clean. Don't allow it to be loaded under lockdown.
This will also disable the AFS.
Fixes: CVE-2024-45778
Fixes: CVE-2024-45779
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
With the rest of module being blocked in lockdown mode it does not make
a lot of sense to leave memory reading enabled. This also goes in par
with disabling the dump command.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The dump enables a user to read memory which should not be possible
in lockdown mode.
Fixes: CVE-2025-1118
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reported-by: Jonathan Bar Or <jonathanbaror@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The test_parse() evaluates test expression recursively. Due to lack of
recursion depth check a specially crafted expression may cause a stack
overflow. The recursion is only triggered by the parentheses usage and
it can be unlimited. However, sensible expressions are unlikely to
contain more than a few parentheses. So, this patch limits the recursion
depth to 100, which should be sufficient.
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_getline() function currently has a signed integer variable "i"
that can be overflown when user supplies more than 2^31 characters.
It results in a memory corruption of the allocated line buffer as well
as supplying large negative values to grub_realloc().
Fixes: CVE-2025-0690
Reported-by: Jonathan Bar Or <jonathanbaror@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Bar Or <jonathanbaror@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The size calculation of the translation buffer in
grub_gettext_getstr_from_position() may overflow
to 0 leading to heap OOB write. This patch fixes
the issue by using grub_add() and checking for
an overflow.
Fixes: CVE-2024-45777
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Calculation of ctx->grub_gettext_msg_list size in grub_mofile_open() may
overflow leading to subsequent OOB write or read. This patch fixes the
issue by replacing grub_zalloc() and explicit multiplication with
grub_calloc() which does the same thing in safe manner.
Fixes: CVE-2024-45776
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
The gettext module does not entirely cleanup after itself in
its GRUB_MOD_FINI() leaving a few variables hooks in place.
It is not possible to unload gettext module because normal
module depends on it. Though fix the issues for completeness.
Fixes: CVE-2025-0622
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The normal module does not entirely cleanup after itself in
its GRUB_MOD_FINI() leaving a few variables hooks in place.
It is not possible to unload normal module now but fix the
issues for completeness.
On the occasion replace 0s with NULLs for "pager" variable
hooks unregister.
Fixes: CVE-2025-0622
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
If the hooks are not removed they can be called after the module has
been unloaded leading to an use-after-free.
Fixes: CVE-2025-0622
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_strrchr() may return NULL when the dirname do not contain "/".
This can happen on broken filesystems.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_extcmd_dispatcher() calls grub_arg_list_alloc() to allocate
a grub_arg_list struct but it does not verify the allocation was successful.
In case of failed allocation the NULL state pointer can be accessed in
parse_option() through grub_arg_parse() which may lead to a security issue.
Fixes: CVE-2024-45775
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
The grub_dl_relocate_symbols() iterates through the sections in
an ELF looking for relocation sections. According to the spec [1]
the SHF_INFO_LINK flag should be set if the sh_info field is meant
to be a section index.
[1] https://refspecs.linuxbase.org/elf/gabi4+/ch4.sheader.html
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The previous code would never actually call grub_update_mem_attrs()
as sh_info will always be zero for the sections that exist in memory.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
It was possible to overflow the value of mod->ref_count, a signed
integer, by repeatedly invoking insmod on an already loaded module.
This led to a use-after-free. As once ref_count was overflowed it became
possible to unload the module while there was still references to it.
This resolves the issue by using grub_add() to check if the ref_count
will overflow and then stops further increments. Further changes were
also made to grub_dl_unref() to check for the underflow condition and
the reference count was changed to an unsigned 64-bit integer.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Otherwise a subsequent header could change the height and width
allowing future OOB writes.
Fixes: CVE-2024-45774
Reported-by: Nils Langius <nils@langius.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
An overly long filename can be passed to tftp_open() which would cause
grub_normalize_filename() to write out of bounds.
Fixed by adding an extra argument to grub_normalize_filename() for the
space available, making it act closer to a strlcpy(). As several fixed
strings are strcpy()'d after into the same buffer, their total length is
checked to see if they exceed the remaining space in the buffer. If so,
return an error.
On the occasion simplify code a bit by removing unneeded rrqlen zeroing.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The function included a call to grub_strcpy() which copied data from an
environment variable to a buffer allocated in grub_cmd_normal(). The
grub_cmd_normal() didn't consider the length of the environment variable.
So, the copy operation could exceed the allocation and lead to an OOB
write. Fix the issue by replacing grub_strcpy() with grub_strlcpy() and
pass the underlying buffers size to the grub_net_search_config_file().
Fixes: CVE-2025-0624
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_net_network_level_interface_unregister(), previously
implemented in a header, did not remove the variables hooks that
were registered in grub_net_network_level_interface_register().
Fix this by implementing the same logic used to register the
variables and move the function into the grub-core/net/net.c.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The net module is a dependency of normal. So, it shouldn't be possible
to unload the net. Though unregister variables hooks as a precaution.
It also gets in line with unregistering the other net module hooks.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
If unbounded recursion is allowed it becomes possible to collide the
stack with the heap. As UEFI firmware often lacks guard pages this
becomes an exploitable issue as it is possible in some cases to do
a controlled overwrite of a section of this heap region with
arbitrary data.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The part_iterate() is used by grub_partition_iterate() as a callback in
the partition iterate functions. However, part_iterate() may also call
the partition iterate functions which may lead to recursion. Fix potential
issue by limiting the recursion depth.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_disk_read() may trigger other disk reads, e.g. via loopbacks.
This may lead to very deep recursion which can corrupt the heap. So, fix
the issue by limiting reads depth.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
It was possible to delete a loopback while there were still references
to it. This led to an exploitable use-after-free.
Fixed by implementing a reference counting in the grub_loopback struct.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The GRUB may use TPM to verify the integrity of boot components and the
result can determine whether a previously sealed key can be released. If
everything checks out, showing nothing has been tampered with, the key
is released and GRUB unlocks the encrypted root partition for the next
stage of booting.
However, the liberal Command Line Interface (CLI) can be misused by
anyone in this case to access files in the encrypted partition one way
or another. Despite efforts to keep the CLI secure by preventing utility
command output from leaking file content, many techniques in the wild
could still be used to exploit the CLI, enabling attacks or learning
methods to attack. It's nearly impossible to account for all scenarios
where a hack could be applied.
Therefore, to mitigate potential misuse of the CLI after the root device
has been successfully unlocked via TPM, the user should be required to
authenticate using the LUKS password. This added layer of security
ensures that only authorized users can access the CLI reducing the risk
of exploitation or unauthorized access to the encrypted partition.
Fixes: CVE-2024-49504
Signed-off-by: Michael Chang <mchang@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The grub_file_open() and grub_file_close() should be the only places
that allow a reference to a filesystem to stay open. So, add grub_dl_t
to grub_fs_t and set this in the GRUB_MOD_INIT() for each filesystem to
avoid issues when filesystems forget to do it themselves or do not track
their own references, e.g. squash4.
The fs_label(), fs_uuid(), fs_mtime() and fs_read() should all ref and
unref in the same function but it is essentially redundant in GRUB
single threaded model.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
This is to avoid a generic issue were some filesystems would not set
data and also not set a grub_errno. This meant it was possible for many
filesystems to grub_dl_unref() themselves multiple times resulting in
it being possible to unload the filesystems while there were still
references to them, e.g., via a loopback.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
It was previously possible for grub_xfs_mount() to return NULL without
setting grub_errno if the XFS version was invalid. This resulted in it
being possible for grub_dl_unref() to be called twice allowing the XFS
module to be unloaded while there were still references to it.
Fixing this problem in general by ensuring a grub_errno is set if the
fail label is reached.
Reported-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The number of records in the root key array read from disk was not being
validated against the size of the root node. This could lead to an
out-of-bounds read.
This patch adds a check to ensure that the number of records in the root
key array does not exceed the expected size of a root node read from
disk. If this check detects an out-of-bounds condition the operation is
aborted to prevent random errors due to metadata corruption.
Reported-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Chang <mchang@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
It was possible to read OOB when an attribute had a size that exceeded
the allocated buffer. This resolves that by making sure all attributes
that get read are fully in the allocated space by implementing
a function to validate them.
Defining the offsets in include/grub/ntfs.h but they are only used in
the validation function and not across the rest of the NTFS code.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Right now to access the next attribute the code reads the length of the
current attribute and adds that to the current pointer. This is error
prone as bounds checking needs to be performed all over the place. So,
implement a helper and ensure its used across find_attr() and read_attr().
This commit does *not* implement full bounds checking. It is just the
preparation work for this to be added into the helper.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The end of the attribute buffer should be stored alongside the rest of
the attribute struct as right now it is not possible to implement bounds
checking when accessing attributes sequentially.
This is done via:
- updating init_attr() to set at->end and check is is not initially out of bounds,
- implementing checks as init_attr() had its type change in its callers,
- updating the value of at->end when needed.
Signed-off-by: B Horn <b@horn.uk>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
When parsing NTFS file records the presence of the 0xFF marker indicates
the end of the attribute list. This value signifies that there are no
more attributes to process.
However, when the end marker is missing due to corrupted metadata the
loop continues to read beyond the attribute list resulting in out-of-bounds
reads and potentially entering an infinite loop.
This patch adds a check to provide a stop condition for the loop ensuring
it stops at the end of the attribute list or at the end of the Master File
Table. This guards against out-of-bounds reads and prevents infinite loops.
Reported-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Chang <mchang@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
When inline extents are used, i.e. the extent tree depth equals zero,
a maximum of four entries can fit into the inode's data block. If the
extent header states a number of entries greater than four the current
ext2 implementation causes an out-of-bounds read. Fix this issue by
capping the number of extents to four when reading inline extents.
Reported-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Chang <mchang@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
The getblk() returns a value of type grub_int64_t which is assigned to
iagblk and inoblk, both of type grub_uint64_t, in grub_jfs_read_inode()
via grub_jfs_blkno(). This patch fixes the type mismatch in the
functions. Additionally, the getblk() will return 0 instead of -1 on
failure cases. This change is safe because grub_errno is always set in
getblk() to indicate errors and it is later checked in the callers.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Ross Philipson <ross.philipson@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
An extent's logical offset and address are represented as a 40-bit value
split into two parts: the most significant 8 bits and the least
significant 32 bits. Currently the JFS code uses only the least
significant 32 bits value for offsets and addresses assuming the data
size will never exceed the 32-bit range. This approach ignores the most
significant 8 bits potentially leading to incorrect offsets and
addresses for larger values. The patch fixes it by incorporating the
most significant 8 bits into the calculation to get the full 40-bits
value for offsets and addresses.
https://jfs.sourceforge.net/project/pub/jfslayout.pdf
"off1,off2 is a 40-bit field, containing the logical offset of the first
block in the extent.
...
addr1,addr2 is a 40-bit field, containing the address of the extent."
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Ross Philipson <ross.philipson@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
While fuzz testing JFS with ASAN enabled an OOB read was detected in
grub_jfs_opendir(). The issue occurred due to an invalid directory slot
index in the first entry of the sorted directory slot array in the inode
directory header. The fix ensures the slot index is validated before
accessing it. Given that an internal or a leaf node in a directory B+
tree is a 4 KiB in size and each directory slot is always 32 bytes, the
max number of slots in a node is 128. The validation ensures that the
slot index doesn't exceed this limit.
[1] https://jfs.sourceforge.net/project/pub/jfslayout.pdf
JFS will allocate 4K of disk space for an internal node of the B+ tree.
An internal node looks the same as a leaf node.
- page 10
Fixed number of Directory Slots depending on the size of the node. These are
the slots to be used for storing the directory slot array and the directory
entries or router entries. A directory slot is always 32 bytes.
...
A Directory Slot Array which is a sorted array of indices to the directory
slots that are currently in use.
...
An internal or a leaf node in the directory B+ tree is a 4K page.
- page 25
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
The JFS fuzzing revealed an OOB read in grub_jfs_getent(). The crash
was caused by an invalid leaf nodes count, diro->dirpage->header.count,
which was larger than the maximum number of leaf nodes allowed in an
inode. This fix is to ensure that the leaf nodes count is validated in
grub_jfs_opendir() before calling grub_jfs_getent().
On the occasion replace existing raw numbers with newly defined constant.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Chen <lidong.chen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alec Brown <alec.r.brown@oracle.com>
The ctx->filename can point to either a string literal or a dynamically
allocated string. The ctx->filename_alloc field is used to indicate the
type of allocation.
An issue has been identified where ctx->filename is reassigned to
a string literal in susp_iterate_dir() but ctx->filename_alloc is not
correctly handled. This oversight causes a memory leak and an invalid
free operation later.
The fix involves checking ctx->filename_alloc, freeing the allocated
string if necessary and clearing ctx->filename_alloc for string literals.
Reported-by: Daniel Axtens <dja@axtens.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Chang <mchang@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
